Behavioral Curriculum Model Essay - 2237 Words

Behavioral Curriculum Model Susan McIntosh CE420: Curriculum Development Professor Katherine Berry October 20, 2012 Give me a dozen healthy infants, well-formed, and my own specified world to bring them up in and Ill guarantee to take any one at random and train him to become any type of specialist I might select -- doctor, lawyer, artist, merchant-chief and, yes, even beggar-man and thief, regardless of his talents, penchants, tendencies, abilities, vocations, and race of his ancestors. --John Watson, Behaviorism, 1930 Behaviorism is a theory of learning based upon the idea that all behavior is acquired through conditioning (Behaviorism, 2012). I will address how behavioral perspective connects to early childhood theory. I†¦show more content†¦The forth area is called arousing phenomena which is where emotion and attention are our brain’s activation system, in that are brain will only respond to emotionally arousing phenomena. The fifth area is called hemispheric specialization which is where the cerebrum at the top of our brain processes conscious thought and behavior. The sixth area is called the arts and humanities which effectively incorporate the curricular mix in that they combine the best representations of our cultural history and the creative explorations of new cultural challenges. The seven and final area is called conscious learning which provides us with a unified sense of self, a subjective awareness of our existence and of the environment we inhabit (Sylwester, 2012 ). Trend is a pattern of gradual change in a condition, output, or process, or an average or general tendency of a series of data points to move in a certain direction over time, represented by a line or curve on a graph (Dictionary, 2012). There are several different current trends that are related to behavior models. The first current trend would have to be the use of the internet or social media as a teaching tool. This is great way for students to find information that they are looking for to help them to excess in school. Another current trend is for the teacher to pay close attention to each student’s needs. Educators are looking at their class as a collection; they seem them as individuals who haveShow MoreRelatedTheories Of Curriculum Design And Planning1336 Words   |  6 PagesIn order to discuss what model of curriculum works best for certain disciplines, teachers, and situations, you first must define what you mean by curriculum and how you choose to define it (L unenburg, 2011b). Lunenburg describes two different sets of models: deductive and inductive (Lunenburg, 2011a; Lunenburg 2011b). Deductive logic begins with a broad topic and moves toward a more specific goal; it is often considered a top-down approach or hypothesis-testing logic (Trochim, 2006). InductiveRead MoreChildren s Perception Of Drug Use853 Words   |  4 Pagesof cognitive-behavioral techniques children learn how to develop their own coping mechanisms outside of drug use. This Curriculum-Based Support Group Program provides youths with the opportunity to feel empowered even though they face adversity in their day-to-day lives. The program is curriculum based, but the youths come to their own conclusions about drug use with guidance from the facilitators. Article Summary This intervention summary describes the effectiveness of a Curriculum-Based SupportRead MoreCurriculum Development Theories Of The Tyler Model949 Words   |  4 Pagesand Gordon highlights three different curriculum development theories. The Tyler Model with its focus on goals and objectives gathered from three sources then filtered through a philosophical and psychological set of screening criteria. The five-step Taba Model with a bottom-up emphasis shows teachers as curriculum developers, inductively developing curriculum through learning modules developed for their classrooms then refined. The more complex Oliva Model demonstrates twelve components designedRead MorePsy 614 : Cognitive And Affective Bases Of Behavior Essay1739 Words   |  7 PagesCrick and Dodge (1994) outlined an information-processing model designed to provide further understandings of children’s social adjustment. This information-processing model has six stages that describe the flow of informatio n through the processing system, and provides a useful theoretical understanding to evaluate children’s cognitive deficits and distortions (Daleiden Vasey, 1997). Fundamental proposals of Crick and Dodge’s (1994) model suggests that children approach social situations with aRead MoreLearning in a Culture of Change Essay1010 Words   |  5 PagesThe school curriculum models should have essential components, which must be in place to guide instruction. With accountability looming and additional demands, such as concurrent curriculum development and curricular innovation, the design can create great teaching and learning. The one room schoolhouse was easier to decide what to teach. According to Thorndike (1910), educational aims are clearer using psychology ideas such as culture or discipline, knowledge or skills which contributes a betterRead MorePrograms for Adult Learners997 Words   |  4 PagesThus far, we have focused upon models and approaches for determining the purposes that curriculum should fulfill. Other decisions must be made about how to achieve stated purposes and how best to evaluate progress toward goals intended. The choice of emphasizing purpose and content as a first step in curriculum development is arbitrary. Alan Purves has been building curriculum for over twenty years. When was asked to think about the processes by which he developed and arranged materials to effectRead MoreRevised Curriculum for Project ALERT Essay examples870 Words   |  4 Pagesschool-based curriculum for middle school students. Project ALERT is one of the most successful evidence-based programs that seek to motivate students against drug use, and provides them with the necessary skills to resist such behavior. The authors suggested that the program’s effectiveness could be improved if it focused on curbing alcohol misuse, involved parents in the prevention program, and implemented a way to help the already enacted smokers. The authors revised the Project ALERT curriculum and conductedRead MoreEssay about Response to Intervention1351 Words   |  6 Pagesinstitutions are on a research journey exploring continued models, theories, plans, strategies and so much more to bring resolve to the problems facing our schools. Many schools are facing the ills of low performance and a decline in meeting Adequate Yearly Progress. Plans and studies to improve schools academic performance are on the rise. School leadership and districts continue to explore and search for the perfect research based model that will pull them up and out of the pit of despair to a maximumRead MoreProfessional Development Of The Volusia County School Essay967 Words   |  4 PagesAccomplished Practices (FEAPs). This paper also addresses Assessment, Volusia Proficiency Model (VPM) and Problem solving techniques currently used in Volusia County Schools. It concludes with the author’s thoughts on how he would implement the knowledg e and skills in each of these areas of Professional Development in the teaching and learning process. Keywords: Assessment, Volusia Proficiency Model, Problem Solving PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT EXPLORATION Read MoreCurriculum Theories1592 Words   |  7 Pagestheories, principles and models of inclusive curriculum. Inclusive curriculum is the educational programme designed to avoid all barriers to learning/student success i.e. the Central of inclusive curriculum design are clarity and flexibility. There are three ways of approaching curriculum theory and practice: curriculum as Product, curriculum as Process, and curriculum as Praxis (practice). The governing model of describing and managing education today is based on the product model. Education is seen

Importance Of Animal Testing - 1726 Words

Animal testing: Is it necessary? People take medicine, and they wear makeup. Most people own one or two or maybe more pets. Some people love their pets as if they were their own children. Pets are loved and taken care of. They are rescued and adopted. But do people know that they are treated the opposite in a laboratory? It is estimated that every year, 26 million animals are used for scientific and commercial testing in the United States. There are many reasons animals are used for testing. Some examples include: testing to develop treatments for medical reasons, scrutinize the safety level of products used by humans, and more biomedical, commercial, and health care purposes. Testing and research has been in practice since at least 500†¦show more content†¦Soon after that, the anti-vivisection campaign became strong enough and pressured lawmakers to establish the first laws controlling the use of animals for research. It was called the Great Britain Cruelty to Animals Act o f 1876 (â€Å"Background of the Issues† 1). Medical experimentation is permitted by laws in every country. Great apes and endangered species and other particular animals are protected by some countries from being subjects to experimentations. Very few countries and places set concrete limitations on what researchers may cause animals to suffer. Instead, laws establish standards for the humane treatment and housing of animals in labs. Laws also encourage researches to limit and seek alternatives to the use of animals (Latham 1). Proper care of researched animals is an ongoing priority for the scientific community. Even so, there have been reported mistreatment of animals in laboratory environments. Because of the occurrence of this and pressure from the public as well as animal protection groups, Congress set laws to protect and regulate the care and use of laboratory animals (â€Å"Regulation of Animal Research† 1). There are several laws and regulations regarding anim al research and animal testing. One example is The Laboratory Animal Welfare Act. It was passed in 1966 by Congress, being one of the first federal laws. It covered things like transportation, sale, and handling of research animals; it provided animal dealers licenses to prevent pet theft andShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Animals For Animal Testing1754 Words   |  8 PagesAnimal research, also known as in vivo testing, is the use of animals for experiments. Experimentation on animals dates back to as early as 500 BC, making this form of medical education and research one of the most fundamental known to humans. Almost 400 years ago, a doctor named William Harvey used animals to discover how blood circulated in the body. This discovery is considered the spark of the scientific revolution in which many lives were saved all thanks to the help of animal testing. The modernRead MoreThe Importance Of Animal Testing857 Words   |  4 Pagescomes to animal testing. A considerable amou nt of people believe that examinations should be banned, others think it should be continued. According to NCBI, animals have been utilized repeatedly since 384 BC. This disagreement has been debated since before the 1920’s and is still continuing. The main opposing point of animal examinations, is the extent of the experiment used on the animal. But, if scientists did not take part in animal testing, humans safety would be in danger. Although animals shouldRead MoreImportance of Animal Testing804 Words   |  4 PagesThe use of animals in scientific research has made dramatic improvements in our understanding of the human race. Despite the controversies that surround this issue, without this process of testing it is certain that much of what is known today towards the quality and quantity of life would remain closed off to us. Over the years, scientists have gained the ability to solve medical problems, cure diseases, and develop vaccines all with the use of animals during scientific research. To believe thatRead MoreThe Importance Of Animal Testing1240 Words   |  5 Pages Animal testing has long played a part in the science of testing, and it still plays a very important role in the medical world. Testing on animals in order to create a cure for AIDS is one thing, but testing on animals for human vanity is another. Animal testing is used to test the safety of a product. It has kept some very unsafe substances out of the cosmetic world. However, in this day in age, animal testing is not the only way to test the safety of a product. Animal testing in cosmetics hasRead MoreThe Importance Of Animal Testing1779 Words   |  8 PagesDid you know animal testing is cruel?, it puts animals lives in jeopardy and the tests are not always accurate, it needs to be stopped. Abraham once said â€Å"I am in favor of animal rights as well as human rights. That is the way of a whole human being† (https://www.consumerfreedom.com/2008/10/3754-abraham-lincoln-was-not-an-animal-rights-activist/). I do not believe animal testing is right, it hurts the animal and the experiments are not accurate, we should try to make this process more safe and calmRead MoreThe Importance Of Animal Testing1883 Words   |  8 PagesAnimal Testing is Essential On the other had, some individuals deem animal testing necessary for the furthering of the medical field. There have been illnesses and diseases that have been eradicated due to animal experimenting. One such disease a vaccine that was resulted by successful experimentation on animals to combat it is the poliomyelitis vaccine Continuing, one essential aspect to consider when evaluating the similarities between humans and animals is the amount shared genes. According toRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Be Banned Essay1707 Words   |  7 Pagespossibly the lives that were spent doing so. Those lives being the ones of animals tested in pharmaceutical settings to assure the safety of the product you just swallowed. It is difficult to justify the use of animals in this way, but when put simply we make the choice between putting human life, or the life of an animal on the line. While businesses have searched for other methods of testing, there is no more accurate way of testing toxicology than through a live host. Despite it not being the most idealRead MoreThe Effects Of Animal Testing Essay1432 Words   |  6 PagesThe Effects of Animal Testing Animal testing is by far, inhumane and downright unacceptable. Although, there are various types of organizations that are pro-animal care, such as, Animal Welfare information center, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare and, People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals or, PETA, all in which do their best to keep animal testing as humane as possible, there are alternatives for finding cures or testing the safety of certainRead MorePros And Cons Of Animal Testing1288 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Each animal bred or used for research, whether a mouse, fish, or monkey, is an individual capable of experiencing pain, suffering, and distress† (â€Å"Animal† 2013). The advancements in technology today had sparked a debate worldwide on whether it is right or wrong to use animals for experimentation in laboratories. With newly advanced scientific technology, experts are able to utilize advanced technology to simulate functions of the h uman body on a much smaller scale, including microchips of humanRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Animal Testing1502 Words   |  7 Pagesthat animal testing is beneficial to the advancement of human knowledge, while animal rights’ activists claim that animal testing is not humane and violates animals’ rights. The controversy over animal testing is best understood as a disagreement about whether animal testing is beneficial to humans. Each year more than 100 million animals are killed in the U.S. Every country has a law that permits medical experimentation on animals. While some countries protect particular kinds of animals from

The Negotiation Process; Afghan Government and Taliban free essay sample

Many civil conflicts around the world have been ended politically. For example, the civil war in Cambodia ended when powerful members of the communist guerilla group, the Khmer Rouge, joined the official government of Cambodia. Likewise, the sectarian war in Northern Ireland was ended when Sinn Fein, the political wing of the terrorist group, the IRA, negotiated with the UK government and became part of the Northern Irish Government. Some people think that the troubles in Afghanistan can be solved in a similar way, by encouraging negotiations between the Afghan Government and the Taliban so they can become part of the Government of Afghanistan. To what extent do you agree with this view? Negotiation between governments and anti-government groups have worked well and had good results in the world. Many countries solved their problems and gave an end to war, that the good examples are civil war in Cambodia, the sectarian war in Northern Ireland and likewise many other similar cases. We will write a custom essay sample on The Negotiation Process; Afghan Government and Taliban or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Afghanistan also started this process to give an end to war in Afghanistan. But, a question comes here that, is the situation of Afghanistan similar to the cases that have been solved by negotiation in the world or not? War in Afghanistan has many aspects, for example one aspect is that in Afghanistan there are three sides in war: The U. S. , Afghanistan and the Taliban or may be two sides the U. S. and the Taliban and Afghanistan is only battlefield for these two sides of war. This hypothesis can be proved by two reasons. First, what is the aim of the Taliban by taking power in Afghanistan and second why the U. S. wants to eliminate the Taliban? Afghanistan has a strategic location in region that the Taliban has understood this issue very well and by getting power in Afghanistan they want to amplify their power which is very dangerous for the United States. The U. S. doesn’t want to have any concern from this and if the U. S. spend millions of dollars in Afghanistan, give victims and tolerate all problems it is not based on any sympathy. The U. S.  knows that if the Taliban get stronger they cannot only be dangerous for the U. S. but it can be dangerous for the world that we can call this act of the U. S. fear. If we forget all concerns about the process of negotiation of Afghan government and the Taliban we arrive in work process that Afghan government established a high council to precede negotiations, but till now this high council didn’t have any big achievement and instead it brou ght disadvantages for government, despite of thousand dollars that the high council spends for negotiation. So, according to this case I believe that the idea of negotiation with Taliban is not a suitable solution for the troubles that Afghanistan is now struggling with. International community and the U. S. should work together with Afghan government in coordination with region countries to find a comprehensive and pervasive solution for Afghanistan troubles. The Taliban’s regime was a dark age in Afghanistan’s political and social history. If anyone who spent life during the Taliban’s regime in Afghanistan asked to say one memory of his life during the Taliban’s regime, surely it is a sad and bad memory. People suffered many problems in their lives. The Taliban’s regime has totally damaged Afghanistan and made Afghanistan to be a back warded country and people never want to repeat those days again and no one is going to accept the Taliban governing in Afghanistan, because the Taliban has already showed their real face to people and it is clear that no one wants to experience those dark days again. The Taliban damaged Afghanistan economically; even right now afghan government doesn’t have the capability to give the salary of its employees. Afghanistan had a strong army one time, but now even they can’t take the security of their ministries. Terrorists attack and kill many people inside governmental offices. The Taliban has proved that they don’t have the competence to be a part of Afghan government which currently Afghanistan is in a very serious situation that world is transferring all military responsibilities to Afghan government and it is very hard to develop country with those groups who don’t know anything except violence. The Taliban have many cases of women rights and human rights reversal that there is no guarantee that they will not repeat it again. Another obstacle that makes the process of negotiation and peace talks fail is the ideology conflicts between Taliban and Afghan government. To make it more clear the Taliban has dictatorship ideology that unlike of the Taliban, Afghanistan is a democratic country and government has democratic ideology which is very difficult for both sides to accept each other easily and there is no one to guarantee that after that the Taliban become part of government they will fully accept Afghan constitution and will not act against Afghan constitution. So, in this case negotiation with the Taliban to bring peace in Afghanistan is not a suitable solution to solve Afghanistan’s problems. The process of negotiation with the Taliban would have worked, if it were the real sides of the war. The Taliban are not the actual decision makers, they are not independent group they act what the other countries intelligence agencies command them and it is clear that what they imply about the negotiation with Afghan government it is not their words. So, it is a useless process if Afghan government wants to solve problems with negotiation the negotiations should be directly with the group or agency that is the real decision maker. The Taliban is a stooge of the I. S. I and other intelligence agencies that the only aims of them are to break down Afghanistan and negotiation with Taliban is useless, if the real side of this process is the U. S. , so the U. S. should directly start negotiation with Pakistan or if Afghanistan is in real side of this process, so Afghanistan should not waste money and time with doing negotiation with the Taliban. The negotiation should be directly with the decision makers not with the slaves. And this process would have worked if it was directly with real sides of war. The region’s intelligence agencies support Taliban to fight against Afghan government and to take power by Taliban in Afghanistan so they can achieve their own political goals in Afghanistan, especially Pakistan that hardly support Taliban and want Afghanistan to have a weak government. Pakistan wants to be a hegemonic power in the region and development of Afghanistan is really an obstacle for this goal of Pakistan. Many countries like Afghanistan have passed years of war and many of them are in war like Afghanistan till now, obviously many people are being killed and no one asks why? There is no matter in war if someone is guilty or not. Many countries ended their wars by negotiations with side of war that is a really better solution instead of fighting for years to end war. Recently, Afghanistan also started the process of negotiation with the Taliban to end this war and till now this process didn’t have any achievement in this part. The process of negotiation with the Taliban to bring them in Afghanistan and make them part of government has many obstacles that makes the idea solving Afghanistan’s problems by negotiation with the Taliban useless. Afghans don’t want to repeat the Taliban’s dark regime again and they are the also failed characters in government they are the one main factor of all disasters of Afghanistan.